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Two conflicting perspectives exist for the early history of Seattle. There is the "establishment" view, which favors the centrality of the Denny Party (generally the Denny, Mercer, Terry, and Boren families), and Henry Yesler. A second, less didactic view, advanced particularly by historian Bill Speidel and others such as Murray Morgan, sees David Swinson "Doc" Maynard as a key figure, perhaps ''the'' key figure. In the late nineteenth century, when Seattle had become a thriving town, several members of the Denny Party still survived; they and many of their descendants were in local positions of power and influence. Maynard was about ten years older and died relatively young, so he was not around to make his own case. The Denny Party were generally conservative Methodists, teetotalers, Whigs and Republicans, while Maynard was a drinker and a Democrat. He felt that well-run prostitution could be a healthy part of a city's economy. He was also on friendly terms with the region's Native Americans, while many of the Denny Party were not. Thus Maynard was not on the best of terms with what became the Seattle Establishment, especially after the Puget Sound War. He was nearly written out of the city's history until Morgan's 1951 book ''Skid Road'' and Speidel's research in the 1960s and 1970s. ==Founding== What is now Seattle has been inhabited since at least the end of the last glacial period (c. 8000 BCE—10,000 years ago). Archaeological excavations at what is now called West Point in Discovery Park, Magnolia confirm settlement within the current city for at least 4,000 years and probably much longer.〔 〕 The area of ("herring house") and later ("where there are horse clams") at the then-mouth of the Duwamish River in what is now the Industrial District had been inhabited since the 6th century CE.〔Dailey (map with village 33, referencing his footnotes 2, 9, and 10)〕 The ''Dkhw'Duw'Absh'' (People of the Inside), and the ''Xachua'bsh'' (People of the Large Lake),〔For a pronunciation brief, see the footnote in Duwamish tribe.〕 of the (Skagit-Nisqually) Lushootseed Coast Salish Native American Nations occupied at least 17 villages in the mid-1850s (13 within what are now the city limits),〔(1) After historical epidemiology 62% losses due to introduced diseases. (1.1)Boyd〕 living in some 93 permanent longhouses (''khwaac'ál'al'') along the lower Duwamish River, Elliott Bay, Salmon Bay, Portage Bay, Lake Washington within what is now Seattle, as well as Lake Sammamish, and the Duwamish, Black, and Cedar Rivers in what is now metropolitan Seattle.〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕〔Page links to "Village Descriptions Duwamish-Seattle section" (). Dailey referenced "Puget Sound Geography" by T. T. Waterman. Washington DC: National Anthropological Archives, mss. () (2 ); ''Duwamish et al. vs. United States of America, F-275''. Washington DC: US Court of Claims, 1927. (5 ); "Indian Lake Washington" by David Buerge in the ''Seattle Weekly'', 1–7 August 1984 (8 ); "Seattle Before Seattle" by David Buerge in the ''Seattle Weekly'', 17–23 December 1980. (9 ); ''The Puyallup-Nisqually'' by Marian W. Smith. New York: Columbia University Press, 1940. (10 ). Recommended start is "Coast Salish Villages of Puget Sound" ().〕〔 〕〔 〕 The ''Dkhw'Duw'Absh'' and ''Xachua'bsh'' are today represented by the Duwamish Tribe. George Vancouver was the first European to visit the Seattle area in May 1792 during his 1791-95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest; the first White forays for sites in the area were in the 1830s.〔Morgan (1951, 1982), pp. 21–22〕 The founding of Seattle is usually dated from the arrival of the Denny Party on November 13, 1851, at Alki Point. The group had travelled overland from the Midwest to Portland, Oregon, then made a short ocean journey up the Pacific coast into Puget Sound, with the express intent of founding a town. The next April, Arthur A. Denny abandoned the original site at Alki in favor of a better-protected site on Elliott Bay, near the south end of what is now downtown Seattle. Around the same time, Doc Maynard began settling the land immediately south of Denny's. Charles C. Terry and others hung on at Alki for a few more years, but eventually it became clear that Maynard and Denny had chosen the better location. The first plats for Seattle were filed on May 23, 1853. Nominal legal land settlement was provisionally established in 1855 (with treaty terms for what is now Seattle not implemented). Doc Maynard's land claim lay south of today's Yesler Way, encompassing most of today's Pioneer Square Historical District and the International District. He based his street grid on strict compass bearings. The more northerly plats of Arthur A. Denny and Carson D. Boren encompassed Pioneer Square north of what is now Yesler Way; the heart of the current downtown; and the western slope of First Hill. These had street grids that more or less followed the shoreline. The downtown grid from Yesler Way north to Stewart Street is oriented 32 degrees west of north; from Stewart north to Denny Way the orientation is 49 degrees west of north. The result is a tangle of streets where the grids clash. (''See also Street layout of Seattle.'') Both Alki and the settlement that was to become Seattle relied in their early decades on the timber industry, shipping out logs (and, later, milled timber) to build and rebuild San Francisco which, as Bill Speidel points out, kept burning down. Seattle and Alki offered plenty of trees to build San Francisco and plenty of hills to slide them down to water. A climax forest of trees up to 1,000–2,000 years old and towering as high as nearly covered much of what is now Seattle. Today, none of that size remain anywhere in the world.〔Dolan & True (2003), pp. 142, 144〕〔Van Pelt (2001) pp. xxii, 181–185, 187–191〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Seattle before 1900」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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